The Palestine Chronology

In the West Bank, thousands of Palestinians marched to commemorate the 71st Nakba Day in Bethlehem and Ramallah. Israeli forces also arrested 7 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Ramallah, Bethlehem, Jenin, and Nablus. In East Jerusalem, the Israeli civil administration delivered 20 demolition notices to Palestinian buildings in Issawiya and 2 for buildings in Shu‘fat refugee camp. 1 Palestinian was arrested during a late-night raid in Silwan. Also in East Jerusalem, 1 Palestinian teen was hospitalized after being assaulted by Israeli settlers, who during the assault, was yelling “Death to Arabs.” In Gaza, thousands of people commemorated Nakba Day along the Gaza fence. Israeli forces suppressed the commemoration protest using live ammunition, rubber-coated bullets, tear gas, and skunk spray, injuring 65 people. 16 Palestinians were wounded by live ammunition and 14 by rubber-coated bullets. One Palestinian was arrested trying to cross into Israel. Israeli officials reported 9 fires in Israel as a result of incendiary balloons. No injuries were reported in relation to the fires. Off the coast of Gaza, a Palestinian fishermen was injured by Israeli naval forces. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 5/15; HA, MNA, WAFA 5/16)

The Israeli high court of justice rejected a petition by a Gaza company producing snacks to allow it to sell its products in the West Bank. The high court sided with the Israeli states argument that it was the PA’s fault that the company could not sell its products in the West Bank. According to Haaretz, there is no clear procedure to how a request the exporting of goods from Gaza to the West Bank. (HA 5/15)

Official data on Israeli government spending on Israeli settlements in the West Bank obtained by AP news agency shows that spending on settlements rose from $330 million in 2016 to $459 million in 2017, the year Donald Trump became the U.S. president. (AJ 5/15)

PA foreign minister Riyad Maliki submitted a memorial to the international court of justice regarding the U.S. relocation of its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in May 2018. (WAFA 5/15)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces prevented Palestinians from making a road to their agricultural land east of Nablus. Elsewhere in the West Bank, Israeli forces arrested 11 Palestinians in and around Jenin, Nablus, Qalqilya, and Bethlehem. The raid in Jenin triggered confrontations with local Palestinians, wounding 3 of them; 2 from live ammunition, and 1 from being hit by an Israeli military vehicle. Others suffered from tear gas inhalation. An additional 13 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids in and around Bethlehem, Hebron, Ramallah, and Jenin. Israeli settlers chopped down dozens of Palestinian-owned almond trees near Nablus. In East Jerusalem, Israeli police evicted Muslim worshippers from the al-Aqsa Mosque for the 3d day in a row. Israeli settlers with military escort also stormed the Haram al-Sharif compound to perform prayers. In Gaza, Israeli forces made incursions to level land east of Bayt Hanun. (MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 5/13; MNA, WAFA, WAFA 5/14)

The Israeli civil administration approved 2 roads to isolated Israeli settlements in the West Bank. The construction of the roads requires the Israeli government to seize 807 dunams (200 acres) of Palestinian-owned land. The construction is scheduled to start in July. (HA 5/13)

A Qatari envoy headed by Mohammed al-Emadi arrived in Gaza to hold meetings with UN envoy Nickolay Mladenov and Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh about the transfer of $30 million in aid. (HA 5/13)

Israeli president Reuven Rivlin granted Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu 2 additional weeks to form the next government. The extension allows Netanyahu until 29 May to form a government. (JPOST, TOI 5/13)

PLO executive committee member Hanan Ashrawi wrote on Twitter that her U.S. visa application had been rejected without any reason. In February, U.S. special representative for international negotiations Jason Greenblatt invited her to meet him at the White House as Ashrawi and Greenblatt exchanged tweets about the U.S. peace plan. (HA, Twitter 5/13)

The UNRWA released a statement urging donors to contribute, as UNRWA needs an additional $60 million to continue providing food for 620,000 Palestinians in Gaza. (AJ 5/13)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces detained 7 journalists and 1 activist from al-Haq, who were all covering an Israeli temporary eviction of Palestinian residents in the Jordan Valley for military drills in the area. Elsewhere in the West Bank, 11 Palestinians were arrested by Israeli forces in late-night raids in and around Bethlehem, Qalqilya, Jenin, and Nablus. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces raided and evicted Muslim worshippers from the al-Aqsa Mosque for the 2d day in a row. Off the coast of Gaza, Egyptian naval forces arrested 4 Palestinian fishermen and confiscated 2 boats. (WAFA 5/12; MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA 5/13)

Israel reopened the Erez and Kerem Shalom crossings between Israel and Gaza for the 1st time since Israel’s latest large-scale attack on Gaza on 3-5 May. The crossings were closed on 5/4. (HA, WAFA 5/12)

An Israeli minor charged with planning the murder of 3 Palestinians in the West Bank village of Duma in 2015 entered a plea deal admitting to aiding in the planning. The prosecution team agreed not to ask for more than 5 ½ years in prison in return for his confession. The 3 Palestinians—an 18-month-old boy and his parents—were killed when Israeli settlers set their house on fire. (HA 5/12)

The Israeli public defense office issued a report severely criticizing the Israeli prison service for running prisons that are “unfit for human residence.” Among the critiques in the report are harsh conditions, poor sanitation, prisoners sleeping on the floor due to overcrowding, prisoners having their hands shackled above their heads as punishment, and random strip-searches. The public defense office also found that mold, bedbugs, cockroaches, rats, and mice were found in the prisons and that prisoners had to shower in the same space as squat toilets. Several of the prisons mentioned in the report hold Palestinian prisoners. (HA 5/12)

The foreign ministry of the United Arab Emirates said in a statement that 4 commercial vessels were sabotaged near its territorial waters. There were no injuries or any specific details about the incidents. (HA 5/12)

In the West Bank, Israeli settlers set up a new settlement outpost on Palestinian-owned land east of Nablus. 5 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids in and around Hebron, Bethlehem, and Jenin. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces evicted Muslim worshippers from al-Aqsa Mosque following midnight prayers. The eviction led to confrontations between Israeli forces and Palestinians, at least 1 Palestinian was arrested and others suffered from tear gas inhalation. Off the coast of Gaza, Israeli naval forces opened fire on Palestinian fishermen, arresting 3 of them and confiscating 1 boat. (WAFA 5/11; MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA 5/12; WAFA 5/13)

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s party Likud said that Netanyahu will ask Israeli president Reuven Rivlin for an extension to form the next government. Likud cited Israeli holidays and the attack on Gaza as reasons for the delay. (HA 5/11)

In the West Bank, dozens of Palestinians suffered from tear gas inhalation near a school in Hebron after Israeli forces fired tear gas canisters. 4 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids in and around Nablus and 1 Palestinian was arrested at a checkpoint near Jenin. In East Jerusalem, 4 Palestinians were arrested after a fight broke out between Palestinians and Israeli settlers. There were also reports of Israeli forces harassing Palestinians making their way out of the Haram al-Sharif compound. (WAFA, WAFA 5/8; MNA, MNA, WAFA 5/9)

All Gaza and West Bank crossings into Israel were closed except for medical and other emergencies for the 3d day in a row. Israeli authorities announced the closure on 5/6, citing Israeli celebrations of Memorial Day and Independence Day. (HA 5/6)

The PA announced that it sent 15 truckloads of medical supplies to Gaza. (WAFA 5/8)

UN humanitarian coordinator for the Palestinian territories Jamie McGoldrick told reporters that 1,700 people in Gaza are in risk of needing amputations due to lack of funds to undertake complicated operations. He further stated that the high number was due to Israeli lethal response to the Great March of Return, where 29,000 Palestinians were wounded in 2018; 7,000 of the wounded were hit by gunshots from Israeli snipers. (HA 5/9)

In Jordan, all cabinet ministers tendered their resignations as Jordan’s King Abdullah prepares to reshuffle the government after he fired several security officials reported to be plotting against the regime. King Abdullah said that the security officials were replaced because of incompetence and some used their position for personal gain. (HA 5/8)

U.S. president Donald Trump imposed further sanctions on Iran via executive order. The U.S. move follows Iran’s announcement that it would begin to enrich uranium in 60 days if the signatories of the Iran nuclear deal did not uphold their commitments. (AJ 5/7; HA 5/8)

In the West Bank, Israeli settlers using bulldozers razed Palestinian-owned land in Madama south of Nablus. Israel arrested 9 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Hebron, Bayt Safafa, Qalqilya, and Jenin. In Gaza, 2 bodies were found under the rubble of an apartment building destroyed by Israeli missiles in Bayt Hanun; this brings the comprehensive death toll to 32 Palestinians from the weekend’s violence. (MNA, WAFA, WAFA 5/6; MNA, WAFA 5/7)

The Israeli army announced that all Gaza and West Bank crossings into Israel will be closed from midnight (Israeli time) 5/6 to midnight 5/9 for the Israeli celebrations of Memorial Day and Independence Day. Palestinians will be prohibited from entering Israel except for medical and other emergencies. (HA 5/6)

After the cease-fire reached between Hamas and Israel in the late hours of 5/5, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a statement, “the battle is not over and requires patience and level-headedness. We are prepared to carry on.” The comment indicates that the Israeli bombing campaign is not over. A Hamas spokesperson said in response to Netanyahu’s statement: “Netanyahu’s declarations are ridiculous. The resistance factions have succeeded in deterring and humiliating his military. Our message is that this round is over, but the conflict will not be until we get our rights.” (HA 5/6)

The Israeli supreme court overturned Prime Minister Netanyahu’s decision to prevent 181 Palestinians from the West Bank to partake in a joint Memorial Day ceremony in Tel Aviv. However, only 100 Palestinians will be allowed to attend the Memorial Day ceremony. The event is organized by Combatants for Peace, a group of Israelis and Palestinians working for reconciliation. Netanyahu’s decision was 1st made public on 5/1. (HA 5/6)

U.S. acting secretary of defense Patrick Shanahan said that the U.S. was sending an aircraft carrier to the Middle East because of indications of a “credible threat by Iranian regime forces.” (AJ 5/6)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces dismantled and confiscated a residential tent housing 10 Palestinians in Susiya near Hebron for the 3d time since 4/16. Israeli forces also demolished the home of a Palestinian family near Yatta south of Hebron. Israeli settlers under protection of Israeli forces chopped down at least 150 olive trees in Burqa east of Jerusalem. 17 Palestinians were arrested by Israeli forces during late-night raids in and around Hizma, Nablus, Jenin, Tubas, Ramallah, and Hebron. In Gaza, Israeli forces conducted limited incursions to perform land leveling east of Gaza City. Off the coast of Gaza, Israeli naval forces opened fire of Palestinian fishermen, injuring 1 and detaining 2 others off the shore of al-Sudaniyya. Late at night, Israeli forces fired 5 missiles at targets in Bayt Lahiya, causing damage but no injuries were reported. Israeli authorities claimed that the strikes were in response to incendiary balloons sent from Gaza and landing on Israeli fields, igniting a fire. After the Israeli missiles fired at Bayt Lahiya, Islamic Jihad in Palestine, fired 2 missiles at Israel; no injuries or damage were reported. (MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 5/1; AJ, HA, MNA, MNA, PNN, WAFA, WAFA 5/2)

The PA rejected a proposal put forward by the EU on 4/30 to accept the Israeli offer of reduced PA tax revenue. Israel is withholding parts of the PA tax revenue, the part that Israel believes the PA spends on Palestinian prisoners and their families. The PA have on several occasions rejected any Israeli transfer that is not the full tax revenue. (HA, 5/1)

Haaretz reported that Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu personally ordered a ban on 181 Palestinian applications from the West Bank wanting to attend a joint Israeli-Palestinian Memorial Day ceremony in Tel Aviv. The event is organized by Combatants for Peace, a group of Israelis and Palestinians working for reconciliation. (HA 5/1)

The Israeli security service Shin Bet announced that it had arrested a Palestinian from the West Bank who had planned an attack in Jerusalem close to Israeli election day. According to Shin Bet, the attack was planned with Hamas operatives in Gaza. Elsewhere in the West Bank Israeli forces arrested 16 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Nablus, Bethlehem, Jenin, Tulkarm, and Ramallah. 3 Palestinian land surveyors were attacked by Israeli settlers in Ras Karkar west of Ramallah; all 3 were treated at a hospital for their injuries. In East Jerusalem, 5 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids, including the head of the Jerusalem office of the Palestinian Prisoner’s Society. (HA, WAFA 4/28; WAFA 4/29)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces fired tear gas near a Hebron elementary school, causing tear gas inhalation injuries among students and teachers. Israeli forces raided Sabastiyya near Nablus and set up roadblocks on 3 entrances to the village. 10 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids in and around Bethlehem, Shu‘fat, Ramallah, Jenin, Tulkarm, and Qalqilya. In East Jerusalem, 4 Palestinians were released after 2 weeks of detention but were banned from returning to their homes in Silwan for 7 days. Hundreds of Christians from Gaza were denied permits by Israel to visit Christian holy sites in East Jerusalem and Bethlehem for Easter holidays. In Israel, 1 Palestinian construction worker from the West Bank died while being arrested by Israeli police for working illegally in Israel. The PA claims that he died from a fall during the arrest; Israeli police denied the claim. (MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 4/21; MNA 4/22; HA 4/23)

In Egypt at an Arab League meeting, PA president Mahmoud Abbas called on Arab League members to reject the Trump administration’s “peace plan.” The Arab League pledged $100 million a month to help the PA economy as Israel continued to withhold PA tax revenue. (HA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 4/21; AJ, MNA 4/22)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces arrested 13 Palestinians in late-night raids in and around Far‘un, Jenin, Bethlehem, Hebron, Tulkarm, Nablus, and Qalqilya. Elsewhere in the West Bank, Israeli forces demolished 2 greenhouses near Bethlehem and a residential structure under construction in Khirbat Jabara south of Tulkarm. Israeli forces also sealed off a road between al-Tuwwana and al-Karmel east of Yatta. In East Jerusalem, a day after the Israeli supreme court rejected local residents’ appeal to protect their East Jerusalem homes from demolition, Israeli forces began demolishing the 60 residential structures housing 500 Palestinians. Several Palestinians were wounded trying to protect their homes. Elsewhere in East Jerusalem, a Palestinian home was demolished by Israeli forces in Bayt Hanina, displacing 7 Palestinians that also were fined $11,000. Israeli forces also arrested 6 Palestinians in East Jerusalem; 2 of the arrested were Palestinian minors who reportedly had thrown Molotov cocktails at an Israeli police station. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 4/17; MNA, MNA, WAFA 4/18)

The Israeli ambassador to the UN Danny Danon said that Israel would not start annexing parts of the West Bank until the Trump administration’s peace plan is unveiled. U.S. president Donald Trump’s son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner told a group of ambassadors that the peace plan will not be released until after the end of Ramadan in early June. (HA 4/17; HA 4/18)

Thousands of Palestinians held rallies in Ramallah, Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarm, Qalqilya, Jericho, Tubas, Hebron, and Bethlehem in support of the over 6,000 Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli prisons for Prisoners Day. (WAFA 4/17)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces arrested 6 Palestinians in late-night raids in and around Jenin, Qalqilya, and Tulkarm. Palestinian students and teachers in a Hebron school suffered from tear gas inhalation when Israeli forces fired tear gas canisters in the vicinity of the school. In a similar incident in an ‘Urif school south of Nablus, students and teachers suffered from tear gas inhalation when Israeli forces fired teargas canisters into the yard of a school. One student was taken to a hospital for treatment. Off the coast of Gaza, 1 Palestinian fisherman was injured after Israeli naval forces shot him in the back and neck. He was rushed to a hospital in Gaza City. (WAFA ,WAFA, WAFA 4/14; WAFA 4/15)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces blocked the entrance to the town of Tuqu‘ near Bethlehem and stormed the city center, leading to clashes with local residents; no injuries were reported. Israel also issued a military order to confiscate 401 dunams (99 acres) of Palestinian-owned land in al-‘Arub, Bayt Umar, and Halhul near Hebron. Israeli forces also confiscated 4 Palestinian-owned vehicles during late-night raids. 14 Palestinians were arrested during late-night raids in and around Hebron, Bethlehem, Ramallah, Jenin, Nablus, and Salfit. Separately, a 19-year-old Palestinian woman was also arrested at the al-Zaayim checkpoint for allegedly attempting to stab an Israeli soldier. In East Jerusalem, around 87 Israeli settlers along with Israeli forces stormed Haram al-Sharif to perform prayers. Israeli forces sealed the Damascus Gate of the Old City and arrested 2 Palestinians in the vicinity. Later, demolition notices were delivered for 13 residential structures in the al-‘Izzawiya neighborhood. In Gaza, Israeli forces razed land east of Rafah and fired toward Palestinians east of Khuza‘a; no injuries were reported. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 4/10; MNA, MNA, WAFA 4/11)

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared victory after the 4/9 Israeli general elections and will serve his 5th term as prime minister. Both U.S. president Donald Trump and secretary of state Mike Pompeo congratulated Netanyahu with his victory. The PR firm behind the Likud party’s initiative to place cameras at the Palestinian-majority polling stations (see 4/9) boasted a historically low turnout among Palestinian citizens of Israel in a Facebook post that also depicted 2 of its employees with Netanyahu and his wife Sara. Turnout among Palestinian citizens of Israel was less than 50 percent. PLO Executive Committee member Hanan Ashrawi called Netanyahu’s victory a vote to “entrench and expand apartheid.” (HA, HA, WAFA 4/10; HA 4/11)

The Palestinian activist and co-founder of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement Omar Barghouti was denied entry to the U.S. to embark on a speaking tour in several U.S. cities and to attend his daughter’s wedding. He was stopped before boarding his plane in Tel Aviv and was told that the American consulate had ordered that he could not board the plane. (NYT 4/11)

In the West Bank, Israeli forces violently dispersed the weekly anti-settlement protest in Kafr Qaddum; 1 Palestinian was hospitalized after being shot in his mouth by a rubber-coated bullet. Israeli forces also violently dispersed Palestinians protesting in Ni‘lin village. Elsewhere in the West Bank, Israeli settlers threw stones at Palestinians driving on Route 60 near Burqa; no injuries were reported. Parts of Route 60 south of Bethlehem were closed for a marathon arranged by Israeli settlers. An Israeli settler critically injured a 15-year-old Palestinian by ramming into him with his car by Tuwanah near Hebron. Palestinians were detained at a flying checkpoint east of Jenin. In East Jerusalem, 3 Palestinians were arrested: 1 during a late-night raid in the Old City of Jerusalem and 2 at Haram al-Sharif. In Gaza, 1 Palestinian was critically wounded by an Israeli sniper using live ammunition during the weekly Great March of Return protest. Over 10,000 Palestinians protested and at least 80 were injured. (HA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 4/5; MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA 4/6)

A new settler bypass road in the Nablus district of the West Bank was approved for construction by the Israeli Ministry of Defense. The road will bypass the Palestinian town Huwwara and parts of the road will be built on Palestinian-owned land previously seized by Israel. (MNA 4/5)

Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas departed for Jordan for a 3-day trip to partake in the World Economic Forum on the Middle East and North Africa by the Dead Sea. (WAFA 4/5)

The South African foreign minister Lindiwe Sisulu announced that South Africa would not reinstate its ambassador to Israel who was recalled in 2018 due to Israel’s lethal response to the Great March of Return. (HA 4/6)

After a relatively calm day in Gaza, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducts dozens of air strikes on Hamas sites near Rafah and Khan Yunis late at night, causing extensive damage. The IDF says that the strikes were retaliation for previously unreported incendiary balloons launched into southern Israel earlier in the day. A senior Palestinian official says that the IAF has destroyed 30 residential buildings and damaged at least 500 others since the recent campaign of air strikes began on 3/25. After the air strikes resume, unidentified Gazans fire a projectile into southern Israel, causing no damage or injuries. Meanwhile, hundreds of Palestinians gather along the border fence near al-Bureij refugee camp to set tires on fire, throw stones, and otherwise continue the Great March of Return. A number of protesters sneak across the border fence and set fire to an IDF post before returning to Gaza. IDF troops violently disperse the demonstrations, injuring 1 Palestinian minor. In the West Bank, Israeli settlers attempt to enter 2 Palestinian elementary schools in Tuqu‘ village near Bethlehem. Palestinian teachers and staff block them, but they are forced to dismiss their students early. IDF troops shoot and injure 2 Palestinians during clashes sparked by an arrest raid in Jalazun refugee camp near Ramallah; arrest 22 Palestinians and issue 4 arrest summons during further raids in and around Hebron, Jenin, Nablus, Tubas, and Ramallah; and patrol near Hebron. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest 2 Palestinians during late-night raids in Issawiyya and the Old City. A Palestinian demolishes his own home in Issawiyya in order to avoid paying Israeli demolition fees. (EI, HA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 3/26; MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, YA 3/27; PCHR 3/28)

A senior Israeli official says that despite the reports of an Egypt- and UN-brokered cease-fire late last night, the Israeli assault on Gaza that began on 3/25 is “not over.” The official also says that the IDF struck “very harsh blows” on Hamas. “We’re ready to deal even more.” Separately, Palestinian sources in Gaza say that the Israelis are demanding an end to all resistance activities along the border fence, including the planned Great March of Return protest this Friday, in exchange for a cease-fire. (HA, TOI, TOI, YA 3/26)

Hundreds of right-wing Jewish activists visit Joseph’s Tomb near Nablus overnight, sparking clashes between their IDF escort and Palestinians in the area; 2 Palestinians are killed and 12 more are injured. The IDF later says that an explosive device was thrown at a patrol, prompting the fatal shooting. Elsewhere in the West Bank, IDF troops open fire on Palestinians in a vehicle outside al-Khadir near Bethlehem; 1 Palestinian is killed and another is injured. The IDF later says that the men were throwing stones at Israeli vehicles. The local authorities in Bethlehem declare a general strike in protest of the killing. Meanwhile, IDF troops also shoot and injure a Palestinian youth in Bayt Sira village near Ramallah; arrest 3 Palestinians during late-night raids near Jenin; patrol in and around Tulkarm and Hebron; and violently disperse Palestinian students gathering in al-Bireh to protest the Israeli occupation (there are no serious injuries reported). Israeli forces demolish a Palestinian home and dismantle 3 Palestinian makeshift residential structures south of Hebron. Unidentified assailants open fire on an Israeli settler bus near Salfit, causing minor damage. Israeli settlers throw stones at Palestinian vehicles near Nablus, damaging several. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest a Muslim worshipper and an Islamic Waqf guard at Haram al-Sharif. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Jabaliya refugee camp, causing no damage or injuries (2 fishermen are detained). Along Gaza’s border, hundreds of Gazans gather near al-Bureij refugee camp to set tires on fire, throw stones, and otherwise continue the Great March of Return late at night. After unidentified Gazans fly an incendiary balloon into southern Israel, the Israeli Air Force conducts an air strike near the protesters near al-Bureij refugee camp, causing damage. Meanwhile, Israeli forces conduct a limited incursion to level land near Gaza City and open fire on Palestinian farmlands near Khan Yunis, causing no major damage. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Rafah, causing no damage or injuries. (EI, HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, TOI, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 3/20; MNA, MNA, WAFA 3/21; PCHR 3/28)

U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo meets with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem. They discuss a range of issues, and in a press conference after the meeting Netanyahu calls on the international community to recognize Israel’s control over the Golan Heights. (HA, JP, TOI 3/20)

IDF troops violently disperse hundreds of Palestinians gathering along Gaza’s border near Khan Yunis and Jabaliya refugee camp late at night to set tires on fire, throw stones and otherwise continue the Great March of Return; 4 Palestinians are injured. Also along Gaza’s border, Israeli forces conduct a limited incursion to level land near Jabaliya refugee camp and open fire on Palestinian shepherds working near Dayr al-Balah, causing no injuries. IDF troops also shoot and injure a Palestinian collecting stones and gravel near Gaza City. In the West Bank, Israeli forces demolish a water well Umm al-Nir near Hebron. IDF troops arrest 6 Palestinians during late-night raids near Bethlehem, Nablus, and Hebron; and patrol near Nablus, Jenin, and Salfit. Israeli settlers throw stones and glass bottles at Palestinian homes and vehicles in Kafr Haris near Salfit and outside Nablus, injuring 2 Palestinians and breaking several windows. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest an Islamic Waqf guard at Haram al-Sharif for a 2d day in a row. (MNA, MNA, TOI 3/18; MNA, MNA 3/19)

An Israeli settler succumbs to injuries sustained in the shooting attack near Salfit on 3/17. Meanwhile, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu visits the site of the 3/17 shooting and announces the construction of 840 new housing units in the nearby Ariel settlement. “Tomorrow, we will begin building 840 housing units in Ariel in a new neighborhood as was approved two years ago,” he says. (EI, HA, MNA, MNA, TOI, TOI, YA 3/18)

Unidentified assailants assault and seriously injure a Fatah spokesperson in Gaza near his home in Bayt Lahiya. Later, a senior Fatah official in Gaza says that the assailants broke the man’s arms and legs and that Hamas was behind the “assassination attempt.” Hamas, for its part, denies the accusation and pledges to conduct a full investigation into the incident. The attack comes amid ongoing popular protests against Hamas and the high cost of living in Gaza and rising tensions between Hamas and Fatah. (HA, JP 3/19)

A Palestinian stabs and kills an Israeli soldier at the Ariel Junction near Salfit. He opens fire on a group of Israeli settlers, seriously injuring 1, before fleeing the scene. The IDF conducts raids and sets up roadblocks and mobile checkpoints in and around Salfit, searching for the assailant. IDF troops also conduct raids in Burqin village near Nablus, arresting 2 Palestinians and sparking clashes (2 Palestinians are injured). Three Palestinians are injured and three more are arrested during clashes sparked by similar arrest raids in nearby al-Zawiya and Kafr al-Dik late at night. Elsewhere in the West Bank, Israeli settlers throw stones at Palestinian homes and vehicles near Hebron, Ramallah, and Nablus, injuring 5 Palestinians and causing minor damage. IDF troops arrest a Palestinian minor when she is found with a knife on her person; arrest 6 more Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Bethlehem, Jenin, and Hebron; and patrol near Tulkarm, Hebron, and Salfit. Along Gaza’s border, IDF troops open fire on Palestinian farmers and shepherds working near Rafah, causing no damage or injuries. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest an Islamic Waqf guard at Haram al-Sharif. In Gaza, Hamas security forces arrest dozens of activists during raids in Gaza City, Jabaliya refugee camp, Dayr al-Balah, Khan Yunis, and Rafah. The arrests are widely seen as an attempt to undermine the quality of life protests that started earlier this week. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, TOI, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, YA 3/17; EI, MNA, MNA, TOI 3/18)

An Israeli court issues an order to keep closed the al-Rahma Gate prayer area at Haram al-Sharif, approving the Israeli police’s plan for reducing tensions at the sanctuary. A member of the Islamic Waqf says his organization does not recognize the court’s decision. (HA, MNA 3/17)

In the West Bank, IDF troops fire tear gas onto the grounds of a Palestinian elementary school near Hebron, causing minor injuries and forcing the school to close temporarily. They also arrest 12 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around al-Bireh, Jericho, Qalqilya, Jenin, and Hebron; and patrol near Nablus and Hebron. Israeli forces demolish 2 Palestinian homes south of Jerusalem, demolish a Palestinian barn near Bethlehem, and confiscate a Palestinian sewage transport vehicle near Nablus. In East Jerusalem, the Israeli authorities re-open the entrances to Haram al-Sharif, having shut them down in response to an alleged firebomb attack on 3/12. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Bayt Lahiya, causing no damage or injuries. (HA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 3/13; PCHR 3/14)

IDF troops shoot and kill a Palestinian after he allegedly attempts to stab 1 of them in central Hebron. After the incident, the IDF imposes strict restrictions on Palestinian movement in the area, with mobile checkpoints and road closures all around al-Ibrahimi Mosque. Elsewhere in the West Bank, IDF troops shoot and kill a Palestinian amid clashes sparked by an arrest raid in Salfit. 40 other Palestinians are injured in the clashes. Meanwhile, IDF troops arrest 17 Palestinians during late-night raids near Hebron, Jenin, Ramallah, and Tulkarm; and patrol near Nablus and Hebron. In East Jerusalem, Israeli police storm Haram al-Sharif, assault a number of worshippers, arrest 17, evacuate the area, and forcibly shut down all entrances to the sanctuary. The Israeli authorities say that the police entered the sanctuary after reports of a firebomb thrown at an Israeli security post (1 Israeli security guard is injured in the ensuing blaze). After Israeli police enter the sanctuary, dozens of Palestinians gather in the streets of the Old City to pray and protest the restrictions. Late at night, Israeli forces arrest 4 Palestinians during late-night raids in Issawiyya. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, TOI, TOI, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, YA 3/12; EI, MNA 3/13; PCHR 3/14)

Along Gaza’s border, IDF troops open fire on Palestinian farmlands near Rafah and Khan Yunis, causing no damage. They also arrest 2 Palestinians attempting to cross into Israel near Jabaliya refugee camp. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Jabaliya refugee camp, causing no damage or injuries (1 fisherman is arrested and his boat is confiscated). In the West Bank, Israeli settlers raze a swath of Palestinian land to set up an illegal settlement outpost near Nablus. Also near Nablus, settlers also uproot 33 olive trees from a Palestinian grove and throw stones at Palestinian vehicles, causing no reported damage or injuries. Israeli forces demolish a Palestinian barn and uproot a number of nearby trees outside al-‘Arub refugee camp near Hebron. They also deliver stop-work orders to a Palestinian home under construction near Hebron. IDF troops arrest 10 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Qalqilya, Ramallah, Salfit, Jenin, and Nablus; and patrol near Nablus and Hebron. In East Jerusalem, dozens of right-wing Jewish activists tour Haram al-Sharif in the morning. Israeli forces arrest 1 Palestinian during raids in the Old City. (MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 3/10; MNA, MNA, WAFA 3/11; PCHR 3/14)

PA president Mahmoud Abbas appoints senior Fatah official Mohammed Shtayyeh prime minister, replacing outgoing prime minister Rami Hamdallah. Abbas calls on Shtayyeh to form a new government that can work toward reuniting Gaza and the West Bank and prepare for a new round of elections. Meanwhile, PA finance minister Shukri Bishara announces that the PA will only be paying 50% of its civil servants’ salaries for 2/2019 due to budget constraints stemming from Israel’s decision to withhold a fraction of the tax revenues transferred monthly to the PA. (AP, HA, MNA, REU, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, YA 3/10; MNA 3/11)

A Palestinian minor succumbs to injuries sustained when IDF troops violently dispersed Palestinian demonstrations along Gaza’s border fence on 2/22. This brings the death toll stemming from the Great March of Return to 208. (MNA, TOI, WAFA 3/11; EI 3/13)

Hours after the Israeli Air Force bombed several Hamas sites across Gaza, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu says that Hamas should not expect Israel to abstain from a full-scale assault on Gaza because there is an Israeli election coming up on 4/9. “I suggest to Hamas—don’t count on it,” he adds. “We will do everything necessary to restore security and quiet to the area adjacent to the Gaza Strip and to the south in general.” (TOI 3/10)

In response to an Israeli television personality saying that Israel is a country for all its citizens, Israeli prime minister Netanyahu says that Israel is a state for Jews alone. “Israel is not a state of all its citizens. According to the Nation-State Law that we passed, Israel is the nation-state of the Jewish People—and them alone.” (HA 3/11)

Japan announces a $7 million contribution to UNRWA to support Palestinian refugees in Lebanon and Syria. (MNA, WAFA 3/10)

After unidentified Palestinians fly 2 incendiary balloons from Gaza into southern Israel, causing no damage or injuries, the Israeli Air Force conducts air strikes on 2 Hamas military sites near Gaza City, causing extensive damage. Hours later, IDF troops violently disperse hundreds of Palestinians gathering to continue the Great March of Return near al-Bureij refugee camp; there are no serious injuries. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Bayt Lahiya, causing no damage or injuries. In the West Bank, IDF troops arrest 8 Palestinians during late-night raids near Jenin, Ramallah, and Bethlehem; and patrol near Nablus. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest 1 Palestinian during a raid in Issawiyya. (HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 3/4; MNA 3/5; PCHR 3/7)

The U.S. formally merges its consulate in Jerusalem and its new embassy in the city to “form a single diplomatic mission.” The embassy’s new “Palestinian Affairs Unit” will serve Palestinians in Jerusalem out of the old consulate building, where all diplomacy with the Palestinians was based out of previously. In response, the PLO releases a statement calling the merging of the two offices a “denial of international law.” (AP, HA, JP, MNA 3/4; MNA 3/5)

Hundreds of Palestinians gather along Gaza’s border fence to set tires on fire and otherwise continue the Great March of Return. IDF troops violently disperse them near Gaza City, Khan Yunis, and Rafah, injuring 3. Also along Gaza’s border fence, IDF troops open fire on Palestinian shepherds working near Dayr al-Balah, causing no damage or injuries. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Bayt Lahiya, causing no damage or injuries. In the West Bank, Israeli forces uproot approximately 300 olive and almond trees from a Palestinian grove near Jenin. They also deliver stop-work orders to 3 Palestinian homes under construction near Salfit. Meanwhile, IDF troops arrest 18 Palestinians during raids in and around Bethlehem, Nablus, Hebron, and Tubas; and patrol near Tulkarm, Salfit, Qalqilya, and Hebron. (MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA 2/25; MNA, MNA 2/26; PCHR 2/28)

In Saudi Arabia, U.S. president Donald Trump’s son-in-law and senior advisor Jared Kushner offers new details about the Trump administration’s long-awaited plan for Palestinian-Israeli peace, which is expected to be released after the Israeli elections on 4/9. “We want to see Palestinians under one leadership that will allow them to live in dignity,” he says. Kushner also says that one of the main goals of the plan is to eliminate borders “in order to guarantee freedom of movement for people and goods.” The plan also reportedly focuses on strengthening the Palestinian economy. (HA, HA, REU, TOI, YA 2/26)

In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces arrest the head of the Islamic Waqf and his chief deputy at Haram al-Sharif, following a week of clashes and heightened tensions at the sanctuary. The 2 men are accused of opening the al-Rahma Gate area of the sanctuary to protesters on 2/22. Along with 4 other Waqf officials, they are barred from Haram al-Sharif for a week. In the West Bank, Israeli forces destroy 2 solar panels providing power to Palestinian homes near Hebron. IDF troops arrest 5 Palestinians during late-night raids near Ramallah, Jenin, and Salfit; and patrol near Jenin, Nablus, Hebron, Tulkarm, and Salfit. Israeli settlers surround a swath of Palestinian farmland near Tubas with an electric fence, claiming the land as their own. Along Gaza’s border, Israeli forces conduct a limited incursion to level land near al-Bureij refugee camp and arrest 2 Palestinians attempting to cross into Israel near Gaza City. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Jabaliya refugee camp, causing no damage or injuries. (HA, HA, HA, MNA, TOI, WAFA 2/24; MNA 2/25; PCHR 2/28)

Hundreds of Palestinians gather in Gaza City to call for PA president Mahmoud Abbas to resign. They are protesting the punitive measures Abbas has ordered against Gaza in an effort to increase pressure on his political rivals in Hamas. (TOI 2/24)

Thousands of Palestinians gather along Gaza’s border fence to continue the Great March of Return. IDF troops violently disperse them near Gaza City, Khan Yunis, Rafah, al-Bureij refugee camp, and Jabaliya refugee camp; 1 Palestinian minor is killed and at least 23 are injured. This brings the death toll stemming from the Great March of Return to 205. Also along Gaza’s border, Israeli forces conduct a limited incursion to level land along the border fence near al-Bureij refugee camp. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Jabaliya refugee camp, causing no damage or injuries. In the West Bank, IDF troops violently disperse Palestinians gathering in central Hebron to mark the 25th anniversary of the 2/25/94 massacre at al-Ibrahimi Mosque; 1 Palestinian is injured. The also disperse Palestinians, Israelis, and international activists at Friday protests against the Israeli occupation in al-Mughayyir near Ramallah (3 Palestinians are injured); arrest 4 Palestinians during late-night raids near Qalqilya, Tulkarm, Jenin, and Jericho; and patrol near Jenin, Nablus, and Hebron. Israeli settlers uproot 200 olive tree seedlings from a Palestinian grove near Hebron. In East Jerusalem, hundreds of Palestinians gather at Haram al-Sharif to protest the recent Israeli incursions at the sanctuary. Ahead of the mid-day prayer, Muslim leaders lead the protesters into the al-Rahma Gate area of the sanctuary for the first time since 2003. Separately, Israeli forces arrest 38 Palestinians in raids across the city. (AP, HA, HA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 2/22; MNA 2/23; PCHR 2/28)

Along Gaza’s border, unidentified Palestinians fly an incendiary device into southern Israel using a balloon. The device sparks a small fire, causing minor damage. Israeli jets then conduct air strikes on 2 sites near al-Bureij refugee camp, causing extensive damage. An IDF spokesperson says the sites were used as staging grounds for incendiary balloon attacks. Late at night, dozens of Palestinians gather along the border fence near Khan Yunis to throw stones, light tires on fire, and otherwise continue the Great March of Return. IDF troops violently disperse them, injuring 6. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Khan Yunis, Rafah, and Gaza City, injuring 3 fishermen (2 of the fishermen are arrested and 2 boats are confiscated). In the West Bank, dozens of right-wing Jewish activists visit Joseph’s Tomb near Nablus overnight, sparking clashes between their IDF escort and Palestinians in the area; 10 Palestinians are injured, including 1 journalist. Meanwhile, IDF troops arrest 13 Palestinians during raids in and around Nablus, Bethlehem, Hebron, and Jenin. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces demolish 2 Palestinian homes in Bayt Hanina. (HA, JP, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 2/20; MNA, PCHR 2/21; PCHR 2/28)

Hundreds of Palestinians gather along Gaza’s border fence near Gaza City to continue the Great March of Return in the evening. IDF troops violently disperse them, injuring at least 5. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Gaza City and Bayt Lahiya, causing no damage or injuries. In the West Bank, IDF troops arrest 5 Palestinians during late-night raids near Ramallah, Hebron, Nablus, and Jenin; and patrol near Tulkarm and Qalqilya. In East Jerusalem, Palestinian activists gather at Haram al-Sharif to protest the Israeli police’s sealing of al-Rahma Gate into the sanctuary on 2/17. After several protesters damage the locks in an effort to break through the gate, the Israeli police assault them, arrest 7, and seal all entrances to the sanctuary. Separately, Israeli forces raid a mosque in Issawiyya, assault a number of worshippers inside, and take down a Palestinian flag from the wall. They also arrest 4 Palestinians during late-night raids in Silwan and Issawiyya. (MNA, MNA, TOI, WAFA, WAFA 2/18; MNA, MNA 2/19; PCHR 2/21)

In a statement, PA president Mahmoud Abbas condemns the Israeli decision to seal an entrance to Haram al-Sharif on 2/17. A Jordanian spokesperson also condemns the move “in the strongest possible terms.” Meanwhile, Haaretz reports that Jordan has expanded the Islamic Waqf’s council to 18 seats, from 11, to include several PA and Palestinian religious leaders. The newly expanded council reportedly met for the first time on 2/14.  (HA, WAFA, WAFA 2/18)

Thousands of Palestinians gather along Gaza’s border to continue the Great March of Return. IDF troops violently disperse them near Rafah, Khan Yunis, al-Bureij refugee camp, Gaza City, and Jabaliya refugee camp; at least 20 Palestinians are injured. One Israeli soldier is injured when a Palestinian protester throws an explosive across the border fence. In the West Bank, Israeli forces return to Urif near Nablus after clashes in the area on 2/14. They raze a swath of Palestinian-owned farmland outside the village and construct barriers on a road leading from the village to the newly razed farmland. Later, IDF troops violently disperse hundreds of Palestinians gathering in Urif to protest the Israeli incursions and remove the new barriers; 2 Palestinians are injured. IDF troops also violently disperse Palestinians, Israelis, and international activists at Friday protests against the Israeli occupation in Bil‘in near Ramallah (there are no serious injuries); arrest 2 Palestinians during a late-night raid near Hebron; and patrol near Jenin, Hebron, and Tulkarm. (HA, MNA, TOI, TOI, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 2/15; MNA, MNA 2/16; PCHR 2/21)

Unidentified Gazans fly a number of incendiary devices strapped to balloons into southern Israel. They land in open areas and no damage is reported. Also along Gaza’s border, hundreds of Palestinians gather along Gaza’s northern shore to continue the Great March of Return and to cheer on a number of Palestinian boats sailing in a symbolic challenge of Israel’s blockade. IDF troops and Israeli naval forces violently disperse the demonstrations; at least 35 Palestinians are injured. Four more Palestinians are injured when IDF troops violently disperse a late-night protest along the border fence near al-Bureij refugee camp. Meanwhile, Israeli forces conduct a limited incursion to level land near Khan Yunis. In the West Bank, the Israeli authorities order approximately 50 Palestinian families to temporarily leave their homes near Tubas to clear the area for IDF training. Also near Tubas, Israeli settlers assault and injure a Palestinian shepherd. Settlers also chant racist slogans and march through central Hebron, causing minor damage when they throw stones at Palestinian homes. Meanwhile, IDF troops arrest 12 Palestinians during late-night raids in and around Ramallah, Hebron, Jenin, Tubas, and Salfit; and patrol near Nablus. The raid in Tubas sparks clashes with stone-throwing Palestinians; 1 Palestinian is injured. In East Jerusalem, Israeli forces conduct raids at al-Quds University in Abu Dis, sparking minor clashes with students; 17 Palestinian students suffer from tear gas inhalation. They also demolish 4 Palestinian homes and a warehouse in Silwan and Jabal Mukabir. (MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, MNA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA, WAFA 2/12; MNA, MNA, MNA 2/13; PCHR 2/14)

A Palestinian succumbs to injuries sustained when IDF troops violently disperse protests along Gaza’s border fence on 2/8. This brings the death toll stemming from the Great March of Return to 204. (TOI, WAFA 2/12; MNA 2/13; EI, PCHR 2/14)

After reports of an Israeli strike in Syria on 2/11, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu says that Israel is “constantly operating” against “Iran and its satellites” in Syria. “We do whatever is necessary.” His statements today are taken as a confirmation that Israel was responsible for the 2/11 strikes in Syria. (HA, TOI 2/12)

A young Israeli woman is found dead in a forest on the outskirts of West Jerusalem. The circumstances around her death are initially unclear (Israel’s Shin Bet will, on 2/9, report that she was raped and killed by a West Bank Palestinian who was “nationalistically motivated”). In the West Bank, IDF troops detain 2 members of the International Solidarity Movement who were escorting Palestinian students to school through an Israeli security zone in Hebron. They also confiscate a vehicle and arrest 1 Palestinian during a raid near Hebron; and patrol near Nablus, Jenin, Hebron, and Tulkarm. Along Gaza’s border, IDF troops arrest 2 Palestinians attempting to cross into Israel near Jabaliya refugee camp. They also open fire on Palestinian shepherds working near Gaza City and al-Bureij refugee camp, causing no injuries. Off Gaza’s coast, Israeli naval forces open fire on Palestinian fishing boats near Bayt Lahiya; 1 fisherman is injured. In southern Israel, Israeli forces demolish the Palestinian bedouin village al-Araqib for the 140th time since 2010. (MNA, WAFA 2/7; MNA, MNA 2/8; PCHR 2/14)

Hundreds of Palestinians in Gaza claim that the PA has not delivered their salaries on time this month. A PA official in Ramallah says that the payments are being delayed due to a “technical fault” and that the delay has nothing to do with PA president Mahmoud Abbas’s efforts to increase pressure on Hamas in Gaza. (JP 2/7)

The World Bank approves a $30 million grant to support the PA’s efforts to improve government transparence and to strengthen the electricity, water, and health sectors of the Palestinian economy. (MNA, WAFA 2/8)

Unidentified persons in Gaza launch a projectile into southern Israel, where it lands in an open area in Eshkol, causing on damage or injuries. In response, an Israeli tanks shell 2 Hamas sites near Khan Yunis, causing damage. Also along Gaza’s border, IDF troops open fire on Palestinian farmlands near al-Maghazi refugee camp, causing no damage. In the West Bank, IDF troops arrest 4 Palestinians during late-night raids near Ramallah, Jenin, and Hebron; and patrol near Nablus, Qalqilya, and Ramallah. (HA, JP, TOI 2/6; PCHR 2/7; PCHR 2/14)

A Palestinian prisoner dies in Israeli custody. The Palestinian Prisoners and Former Prisoners’ Affairs Committee accuses the Israel Prison Service of medical negligence. The prisoner, Faris Baroud, was arrested in 1991 and sentenced to life in prison for killing an Israeli and injuring 3 others. He spent the first 17 years of his incarceration in solitary confinement. (WAFA 2/6; HA, MNA, REU  2/7; EI 2/8; PCHR 2/14)

The U.S. blocks the UN Security Council from issuing a statement condemning Israel’s 1/28 decision not to renew the mandate of the Temporary International Presence in Hebron (TIPH). The statement under consideration was drafted by Kuwait and Indonesia, and reportedly would have stressed the TIPH’s importance and commended its efforts to maintain calm. (JP 2/6; MNA, WAFA, YA 2/7)

PA foreign minister Riyad al-Maliki says that any discussion of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict at the upcoming security conference in Warsaw is “illegitimate,” responding to the 2/5 news that U.S. president Donald Trump’s son-in-law and senior advisor Jared Kushner is planning to discuss the Trump administration’s long-awaited Palestinian-Israeli peace plan at the conference on 2/14. “We will not take part in any illegitimate meetings under international law or international references, and we will not accept to be represented by anyone or allow anyone to speak on our behalf.” (XIN 2/6; MNA 2/7)